An inguinal hernia is a bulge that occurs in your groin region, the area between the lower part of your 腹部 and your thigh. 腹股沟 hernias occur because of a weakening of the muscles in the lower 腹部.

Three layers protect the intestines inside the lower 腹部. 第一个 薄膜叫做腹膜吗. 第二个是由 abdominal muscles, and the third is your skin.

An inguinal hernia forms when your intestines and the peritoneum push through the muscles and appear as a bulge under your skin. 腹股沟 hernias are dangerous because they tend to keep getting larger and your intestine can get trapped inside the bulge and lose its blood supply. This is called a strangulated inguinal hernia, and s冲动ry may be 需要纠正这个问题.

关于腹股沟疝的事实

腹股沟 hernias may occur on one or both sides of the body and are 男性比女性更常见. 腹股沟疝可出现在 任何年龄. Infants may 天生的 one that doesn’t show up until they 成为成年人. 关于 five out of every 100 children are born with the 条件.

An inguinal hernia can also develop over time if you increase pressure on the walls of your abdominal muscles through activities like 紧张 to go to the bathroom, coughing over a long period, being 超重或举重. 如果你有家族病史 inguinal hernia, you may be at a higher risk for one. 婴儿出生 before their due date are also at higher risk.

腹股沟疝的类型

腹股沟疝有两种类型:

• 腹股沟斜疝. This is the most common type, and a type of hernia that you may 天生的. Although it can occur in men and women, it is 在男性中更为常见. 这是因为男性的睾丸 starts inside the 腹部 and has to go down through an opening in the groin area to reach the 阴囊 (the sac that holds the 睾丸). If this opening does not close at birth, a hernia 发展. In women, this type of hernia can occur if reproductive organs or the small intestine slides into the groin area because of a weakness in the abdominal muscles.

• 直接腹股沟疝. This type of hernia is caused by weakening of your abdominal muscles over time and is more likely to be seen in adults. 直接腹股沟疝仅发生于男性.

症状

的 main symptom is a visible bulge in your groin area. 在男性中， inguinal hernia may extend down into the 阴囊 and cause an enlarged 阴囊. Small hernias may slide back and forth through the opening in 腹部并没有引起任何症状. 较大的疝气可以按摩 回到腹部. 症状 of hernias that go back and forth 包括:

• A bulge that increases in size when you strain and disappears 当你躺下

• Sudden pain in your 腹股沟或阴囊 when exercising or 紧张

• A feeling of weakness, pressure, burning, or aching in your 腹股沟或阴囊

An inguinal hernia that can't be moved 回到腹部 is called 嵌顿疝. This is a dangerous situation because the part of your intestine inside the hernia can become strangulated, which is a 医疗紧急情况. 症状 of a strangulated inguinal hernia 包括:

• 剧烈疼痛和发红

• 疼痛越来越严重

• 发热

• 心率加快

• 恶心和呕吐

诊断

腹股沟 hernia is most often diagnosed through a medical history and 体格检查. Your doctor will ask you questions about hernia 症状. During the exam, he or she will look for and feel for a bulge 在你的腹股沟或阴囊区域. 你可能会被要求站起来咳嗽 使疝出现. 腹股沟 hernias in children may only be seen 或者当孩子哭泣的时候.

小儿腹股沟疝的诊治[j]&A和Dr. 克林特Cappiello

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治疗

的 way to repair an inguinal hernia is usually with a surgical 过程. In adults with small hernias that don’t cause 症状, 治疗方法可能只是观看. 有症状的成年人 children usually have s冲动ry to prevent the possible complication of a 未来的绞窄性疝气. 被监禁或勒死的人 疝气可能需要紧急手术.

的re are two main types of s冲动ry for inguinal hernia:

• 打开修复. An incision is made through the skin in the groin area. 的 s冲动on moves the hernia back inside the 腹部 and closes the 缝合腹壁. Mesh placement may be used to strengthen the closure and reduce the risk of recurrence of the hernia.   

• 腹腔镜或机器人辅助修复. This type of s冲动ry uses a few small incisions and a thin 用微型照相机瞄准. 外科医生通过镜工作 to repair the hernia, sometimes operating from a console maneuvering robotic arms. 网格通常用于这些修复. Recovery is shorter and pain is less severe after these minimally invasive approaches than with open repair.

预防

的re is nothing you can do to prevent an indirect inguinal hernia, the 你天生的类型. 随着时间的推移而发生的直接疝可能是 用下列预防措施预防:

• 学习如何正确举起重物.

• Avoid and, when needed, treat constipation to prevent 紧张 排便时.

• 如果持续咳嗽，就要接受治疗.

• If you are a man with an enlarged prostate and you strain to 排尿，接受治疗.

• If you are overweight, lose the extra pounds.

治疗腹股沟疝

If you have had s冲动ry for inguinal hernia, it is important to follow all your doctor's instructions and keep your follow-up appointments. Getting out of bed and walking is an important part of recovery and 有助于预防并发症. 你可以帮助保持腹股沟疝 from coming back after s冲动ry by avoiding heavy lifting and other 剧烈的活动. Ask your doctor what types of activities are safe 还有你什么时候能回去工作.

If you have a small hernia that is being watched or a repaired hernia, 采取措施避免便秘. 多吃纤维，多喝水 plenty of fluids, exercise, and go to the bathroom when you feel the 冲动.

Call your doctor if your inguinal hernia 症状 get worse, and always 如果出现以下情况，请立即致电:

• You have a painful bulge that can't be pushed back inside.

• You have increasing pain, swelling, or redness.

• You have nausea, fever, or vomiting along with hernia pain.